Almost 600 children in Pennsylvania, many fleeing abuse or persecution, are being forced to navigate the immigration court system without legal representation, according to immigrant advocacy groups.

Recent federal funding cuts have left more than 26,000 unaccompanied minors nationwide without legal aid.

Cathryn Miller-Wilson, executive director of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society-Pennsylvania, said federal funding unexpectedly stopped four weeks ago, leaving attorneys without support to help migrant children in shelters in Bethlehem and northwestern Pennsylvania.

"All work, except for the 'Know Your Rights' work - which is the going out to the shelter and just educating the kids about the Know Your Rights work - that was the only work that was supposed to be maintained," Miller-Wilson explained. "No more representation of any kind could be done, or at least wouldn't be paid for by the federal government."

Miller-Wilson noted Acacia Center for Justice received a notice stating it could keep up the Know Your Rights visits for six more months but provide no legal representation. A lawsuit led to a temporary order restoring legal services until a hearing on April 16 to determine whether the temporary order will become permanent.

Miller-Wilson pointed out there are some remedies -- like Special Immigrant Juvenile Status, 'T' visas for trafficking victims, and 'U' visas for victims of certain crimes -- but it can take months or even years to secure temporary legal status. In her view, government support for such children is not only a moral obligation but also an investment in saving an entire generation.

"The funding is an investment in their future," Miller-Wilson contended. "We represent them. They get status, they get to go to school, they get jobs, they pay taxes, they have spending power and they become part of the American fabric."

She added her group helps people with incomes of less than 300% of the Federal Poverty Level with legal and social service needs. She argued targeting immigrants, of any age, does not make economic sense for the country, as there is overwhelming evidence the nation's economic strength and well-being are deeply connected to immigrants.

In response to increasing federal threats to immigrant communities, including cuts to food assistance and deportations, a coalition of more than 100 community organizations is urging Oregon's lawmakers to pass the 2025 Immigrant Justice Package.

It includes five bills which would provide Oregon's immigrant families access to things like food and housing assistance, disaster relief and legal representation.

Martha Sonato, president of the Oregon Worker Relief Coalition, said the legislation will benefit all Oregonians.

"What community has put forward is a package of very impactful, cost saving investments," Sonato explained. "These are all basic rights that really help families stay together and succeed."

Opponents to some of the measures argued it is unfair to ask legal residents to fund benefits for people in the country illegally. Supporters, however, countered undocumented Oregonians contribute more than $350 million annually in state and local taxes, making them deserving of the benefits.

From the package, Sonato highlighted a bill to create a Farmworker Disaster Relief Fund. She noted Oregon farmworkers, more than 60% of whom are immigrants, face lost wages due to extreme weather like heat waves and wildfires.

"Farmworker Disaster Relief would really help make sure that farmworkers are able to take care of themselves and their families, just like they're taking care of all of us," Sonato emphasized.

Another bill in the package, Food for All Oregonians, would provide food benefits to all children in the state, regardless of their immigration status. The measures also seek funding to renew a legal aid program for immigrants, which Sonato argued is crucial in today's climate.

"This policy ensures that folks have due process by providing legal representation to immigrants that are seeking to adjust their status and facing deportation," Sonato added.

Sonato stressed investments in immigrant communities now will save the state money in emergency food, housing, and medical resources down the road.


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Immigrants' rights advocates are voicing concerns that migrant communities in Washington may be avoiding visiting food banks or getting food assistance due to fear of detention by federal immigration agents.

Jacob Sperati, senior manager of community markets for the nonprofit Northwest Harvest, runs two food distribution programs serving local communities, including many immigrants, in Seattle and Yakima. He said migrants, whether they are documented or not, already encounter many obstacles in accessing food, from language barriers to a lack of familiar options, to needing to show an ID.

"We believe that access to food is a basic human right, and people shouldn't fear needing to get food," Sperati contended. "We just continue to make our spaces as open and welcoming as we can."

Research shows immigrants make up more than 75% of Washington's agricultural workforce and yet, immigrants and refugees are more likely to experience food insecurity.

Washington's sanctuary laws limit the involvement of local law enforcement in federal immigration efforts. A statement by Washington Republican Party Chairman Jim Walsh said federal laws should override state immigration laws.

Jay Stansell, a retired public defender and immigration defense attorney, argued the pressure on immigration officers to detain more people is leading to illegal tactics.

"We've seen the behavior of immigration enforcement, whether it's ICE or Homeland Security or the Border Patrol, carried out in increasingly lawless ways, unconstitutional ways," Stansell asserted.

Stansell stressed no one is required to answer questions from law enforcement. He added businesses, including food banks and grocery stores, are allowed to ask immigration agents to leave.

"Say, 'Well, you are not here for food, and your presence is disrupting our mission to provide food for the public. We're asking you to leave, you do not have permission to be here,'" Stansell suggested.

Gov. Bob Ferguson signed three bills last week aimed at further protecting immigrants' rights.

While Florida's immigration debates center on mostly Hispanic communities, the state's Black immigrant populations, including more than 300,000 Haitian-born residents, are facing heightened fear and dwindling support services, according to advocates.

Shanika Houlder-White, deputy executive director of the National Black Worker Center, said legal immigrants report withdrawing from banks, hospitals and schools amid increased scrutiny, even as they lack language-accessible resources available to Spanish-speaking peers.

"The sad part about it all, especially for Black immigrants, is we are a demographic of people that often feel silenced in the spaces that we are either really needed or the spaces that we need the most," she explained.

Black immigrants make up 12% of Florida's foreign-born population but often find mainstream immigrant assistance programs ill-equipped to serve them. The challenges compound economic pressures. Nearly half of Black immigrants nationally earn less than $40,000 annually despite high education levels. Forty percent of African-born immigrants hold bachelor's degrees, according to Pew Research.

Houlder-White's family embodies these contrasts. Her Trinidadian-born father, a master tailor, carpenter and boiler technician, and her health-care worker mother came legally through family sponsorship. Now, she says, they face suspicion:

"They are in a moment where they are being shunned to the point that they want to just stay hidden and not pour their gifts into our economy in ways that will help this country grow and that we can only benefit from," she continued.

In Florida, Haitian immigrants disproportionately work in health care and construction, sectors facing critical labor shortages. The state's new immigration laws, including hospital status checks and driver's license restrictions, have deepened the anxiety.

Florida's Department of Children and Families reports a 19% drop in Haitian-Creole speakers accessing health programs since 2023, although officials attribute this to "outreach challenges."